Tumor del estroma gastrointestinal gástrico con metástasis inusual al cráneo / Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor with unusual skull metastasis

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal GIST, se originan en la pared del tracto digestivo desde el esófago al ano. Aproximadamente 25% de los GIST gástricos son clínicamente malignos y desarrollan metástasis principalmente al hígado, menos comúnmente a tejidos blandos y hueso. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con GIST gástrico y metástasis al hígado e inusualmente al cráneo.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) originate in the wall of the digestive tract from the esophagus to the anus. Approximately 25% of gastric GISTs are clinically malignant. Most often they metastasize to the liver, less commonly to soft tissues and bone. The clinical case of a patient with a gastric GIST, liver and unusual cranial metastasis is presented.

Osteoma mastoideo: considerações sobre dois casos e revisão da literatura / Mastoid osteoma: consideration on two cases and literature review

Introdução/Objetivo: Osteoma da mastoide é um tumor osteogênico benigno, considerado raro nesta localização. Até o ano de 2006 havia cerca de 150 casos relatados na literatura médica. Na sua etiopatogenia incluem fatores relacionados com a embriogênese, metaplasia, trauma e inflamação. Geralmente são assintomáticos e manifestam-se através de tumoração protruindo da região retroauricular. Tomografia computadorizada tem sido útil no seu diagnóstico e planejamento cirúrgico. Seu resultado cirúrgico é bom do ponto de vista estético e curativo. Método: Foram estudados dois casos de osteoma mastoideo e analisados quanto ao seu quadro clínico, exames de imagens, tratamento e resultados. Resultados: Ambos localizados na região mastoidea direita. Ausência de história de trauma prévio nesta região. Exame neurológico normal. Tomografia computadorizada craniana revelou lesão hiperdensa envolvendo a córtex do osso temporal na região mastoidea, compatível radiologicamente com osteoma. Foram submetidos à exérese total da lesão. Exame anatomo-patológico: Osteoma. Apresentaram resultados estéticos e curativos excelente. Não houve recidiva ou transformação maligna. Conclusões: O osteoma localizado na região mastoidea é um tumor benigno raro. Provoca deformidade estética local. Geralmente é assintomático. O exame de eleição é a tomografia computadorizada. Apresenta diagnóstico diferencial com hemangioma, displasia fibrosa, osteosarcoma e metástase osteoblástica. Não apresenta transformação maligna. Seu tratamento é cirúrgico e com resultados estéticos e curativos excelente.

Introduction/Objective: The mastoid osteoma is a benign osteogenic tumor, considered to be uncommon in such location. By 2006, there were about 150 cases reported in the medical literature. Its etiopathogenesis includes factors relating to embryogenesis, metaplasia, trauma and inflammation. They are generally asymptomatic and appear through tumoration protrusion from the retroauricular region. Computed tomography has been useful for its diagnosis and surgical planning. Its surgical results are good from a aesthetic and curative point of view. Method: We studied two cases of mastoid osteoma and analyzed them as for their clinical state, imaging exams, treatment and results. Results: Both locating in the right mastoid region. Absence of a previous trauma in this region. Normal neurological exam. The cranial computed tomography revealed a hyperdense lesion involving the cortex of the temporal bone in the mastoid region, radiologically compatible with osteoma. They were submitted to complete exeresis of the lesion. Anatomopathological exam: osteoma. They had excellent aesthetic and curative results. There was no recurrence or malignant transformation. Conclusions: The osteoma located in the mastoid region is an uncommon benign tumor. It provokes local aesthetic deformity and is generally asymptomatic. The choice exam is computed tomography. It has a differential diagnosis with hemangioma, fibrous dysplasia, osteosarcoma and osteoblastic metastasis. The exam does not present malignant transformation. The treatment is surgical and with excellent aesthetic and curative results.

The exploration of improving perfraction dose by 3DCRT / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of increasing the perfraction dose in treatment of neoplasms by 3DCRT (three- dimention confornial radiation therapy). Methods From May 1998 to June 2002, the radiation therapy plans of 300 out- cranial neoplasms patients were analysed retrospectively, including 143 patients with chest neoplasms and 157 patients with abdomen neoplasms. The PTV was 7.0 ~ 1 478 cm3, major PTV was encircled by 90 % isodose curve, minor 95 % PTV were encircled by 80 % isodose curve. Prescription dose was 90 % reference point dose, perfraction dose was 5 ~ 10 Gy, a majority of dose was 6 ~ 8 Gy, period of treatment was 5 ~ 15 days with an interval of 0 ~ 1 day. The general dose was given to radical cure dose or appeasement dose. The biological effect increased 10 % ~ 30 %. Results All treatment plans were accomplished and there were not complication which reduced patients' QOL. Conclusions 1.Owing to the f factor, increasing dose of perfraction, shortening general period of treatment and improving radiative biological effect were possible during the 3DCRT. 2. It was suggested that the larger out- cranial neoplasms should be treated by 3DCRT firstly, but precise plan, precise design and precise treatment can not intensely be pursued because of the limit of knowledge. 3. During the 3DCRT for out- cranial neoplasms, 2 ~ 3 times routine radiation therapy dose was secure, credible and effective according to different purpose.